Example Code for Arduino-PWM Motor Control
Last revision 2026/01/12
This article provides comprehensive example code for controlling motors using Arduino PWM, including wiring diagrams and sample code to manage motor speed and direction effectively for robotics applications.
Wiring Diagram

Sample Code
//Standard PWM DC control
int E1 = 5; //M1 Speed Control
int E2 = 6; //M2 Speed Control
int M1 = 4; //M1 Direction Control
int M2 = 7; //M1 Direction Control
///For previous Romeo, please use these pins.
//int E1 = 6; //M1 Speed Control
//int E2 = 9; //M2 Speed Control
//int M1 = 7; //M1 Direction Control
//int M2 = 8; //M1 Direction Control
void stop(void) //Stop
{
digitalWrite(E1,LOW);
digitalWrite(E2,LOW);
}
void advance(char a,char b) //Move forward
{
analogWrite (E1,a); //PWM Speed Control
digitalWrite(M1,HIGH);
analogWrite (E2,b);
digitalWrite(M2,HIGH);
}
void back_off (char a,char b) //Move backward
{
analogWrite (E1,a);
digitalWrite(M1,LOW);
analogWrite (E2,b);
digitalWrite(M2,LOW);
}
void turn_L (char a,char b) //Turn Left
{
analogWrite (E1,a);
digitalWrite(M1,LOW);
analogWrite (E2,b);
digitalWrite(M2,HIGH);
}
void turn_R (char a,char b) //Turn Right
{
analogWrite (E1,a);
digitalWrite(M1,HIGH);
analogWrite (E2,b);
digitalWrite(M2,LOW);
}
void setup(void)
{
int i;
for(i=4;i<=7;i++)
pinMode(i, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(19200); //Set Baud Rate
Serial.println("Run keyboard control");
}
void loop(void)
{
if(Serial.available()){
char val = Serial.read();
if(val != -1)
{
switch(val)
{
case 'w'://Move Forward
advance (255,255); //move forward in max speed
break;
case 's'://Move Backward
back_off (255,255); //move back in max speed
break;
case 'a'://Turn Left
turn_L (100,100);
break;
case 'd'://Turn Right
turn_R (100,100);
break;
case 'z':
Serial.println("Hello");
break;
case 'x':
stop();
break;
}
}
else stop();
}
}
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